The Return Of Martin Guerre Film Studies Essay

The Return Of Martin Guerre Film Studies Essay To begin, film can be a dangerous method if audiences intend is to study history. Films can really persuade audiences to the direction of the perspective of filmmaker; this can be seen optimistically or pessimistically. If one does not have any formal knowledge of characters in the movie, how one visualize the characters are influenced by the interpretation of the filmmaker themselves. Films can manipulate and control the minds of the audiences; producers can make audiences adore, hate, sympathize or be terrified with specific characters in the film. Furthermore, film assigns specific character for an antagonist or a protagonist. Personally thinking, the film made Arnaud du Tilh, the imposter of Martin Guerre, to look as the protagonist of the film. In comparison to the book, Arnaud appeared to have truly fallen in love with Betrande and acted like a good husband and father to her and her son. Unlike Arnaud Martin du Tilh, Pierre Guerre was the character that appeared to be aggressiv e and money-hungry who did not want to inherit any money to his long lost supposed nephew. But in contrast, films allow audiences to empathize with a character from the past. When viewers create strong relationship with a character, viewers enter the film as if it is part of their life; audiences may believe they indeed understand characters action and thoughts. Throughout the film, I came to love, hate, and sympathize Martin Guerre du Tilh. I felt attached to the character and had hopes that he was the true Martin Guerre though I knew he was not. I felt the strongest connection to Arnaud when he confessed that the reason why he pretended to be Martin Guerre was because he fell in love with Betrande at the first sight. When the audiences get to see emotions and body language of a character, it creates stronger connection between the audience and the character. Another key disadvantage of learning history through film is that it adds a lot of inaccurate but entertaining twists to mak e the film more attractive. Unfortunately, some audiences become completely absorbed and believe what is projected without any doubt. Nonetheless, these inaccurate twists bring entertainment and spark to history, luring the audiences attention. While the film allows us to sympathize and connect with historical characters, books allow audiences to interpret characters to audiences perspective. Audiences get to imagine characters rather than being influenced by the visual interpretation the filmmaker projects throughout the story. With film, audiences are trapped with the image that they see in the film; with book, audiences get to imagine visual appearance and personality of a character. In other words, each audience can interpret the storyline and the characters on their perspective. In the book, The Return of Martin Guerre, Arnaud du Tilh appeared to be more as an antagonist rather than a protagonist as interpreted in the film. Since the book focused on broader issue; for example, explaining how Guerre family settled in Artigat and the life of Bertrande, Arnaud du Tilh did not seem as important character as shown in the film. I could only imagine him to be a fraudulent, pretending to be Martin Guerre to take the familys in heritance. Furthermore, unlike the film, where it focuses on Martin du Tilh and Betrande de Rols, the book went beyond and explained the lives of other characters. For instance, Jean de Coras, the Toulouse judge who documented the infamous trial of the Sixteenth Century. Like Davis mentions in the preface of her book, she explains that the film failed to point out some historical record of the case such as the abandonment of the Basque background of the Guerres, and the rising of Protestantism from Catholicism in the rural area. Regarding accuracy, books always reveal the underlying historical truths broader and more accurately than films can ever. Written work explains all the possible details that most films ignore due to its dullness and the time limit. Learning history through written works, in general, seem more reliable and accurate compare to films produced for mass audience. Essentially, the film Le Retour de Martin Guerre is mostly true, except the fictional account of Bertrandes motives at the end of the trial. In the book, Arnaud du Tilh insisted on being the real Martin Guerre till his death. Bertrande, in the end of the film, confesses that Arnauds eyes told her to give up and admit the newly claimed Martin as real Martin Guerre. In addition, Davis, a script consultant of the film, decided to write a more scholarly version of Martin Guerre after producing the film to assure a more historically accurate and detail work is available to public. However, she mentions in the introduction that she tried to look beyond the historical facts to unravel and understand the motivation behind the characters pursuit. This might input Daviss opinion on possibilities and ideas that Betrande knew that the new Martin Guerre was not her husband and secretively agreed to help him become Martin Guerre. But essentially, this is only a theoretical guess and no one really knows if Betrande actually knew Arnaud du Tilh was her husband or not. Personally I prefer the film over the book. The book was dull and uninteresting than the film. The film made me think the storyline is actually entertaining. The suspense created in the film really made me wonder if the man that claimed to be Martin Guerre, was indeed himself though I knew he was a fraudulent prior to watching the film. The film made the whole historical phenomenon to look real -the atmosphere, buildings, and even the lives of townsmen of Pyrenean village of Artigat seemed real. These really helped me to connect with the characters and the plot. Furthermore, media sources in general are a great way to introduce learners to historical events. Though there can be certain historical flaws, it still gives audiences a general storyline and visual interpretation of how life looked in certain periods. For example, the film, Le Retour de Martin Guerre, really presented the peasant life in the Sixteenth Century in France, while exhibiting the case of Martin Guerre. A person can say that the movie is lacking historical detail; however, the meaning, lesson, and the essence of the storyline were presented in the movie. It is my opinion, the film could be rather boring and long if all the historical details were added. Unlike the book, audiences get to see and learn the life of the peasants. Although both reading the book and viewing the film helped me enhanced my understanding of the historical event, I would choose to show the film if I had to teach history to students. Reading a historical book may not be as thrilling as watching a film and students might not get enough messages from the book as they are supposed to. But prior to or after viewing the film, I would teach the students some foundation and historical flaws which would help them learn the knowledge of the historical event and characters. In The Return of Martin Guerre, Davis went beyond the historical facts and tried to comprehend the possibilities behind the characters actions and pursuits. Both the film and the print amazingly delivered the historical information of the infamous case of Martin Guerre, a man who lived three years of another mans life by cheating the village of Artigat. Unlike many other historical films, Le Retour de Martin Guerre remained mostly true to the historical facts and told the audiences a fiction-like real story in the Sixteenth Century. Both mediums did excellent job informing historical occurrence to different types of learners. The book allowed us to learn broader and deeper into the roots of the content and taught audiences more in-depth view of each characters. However, my opinion is that the film did even better job at communicating the message of the content to audiences in such a short time limit.

Epic of Beowulf - Where Did the Christianity in Beowulf Come From? Essa

Where Did the Christianity in Beowulf Come From?      Ã‚   The Christian influences in Beowulf ultimately came from the Christian/Catholic Church of Rome which converted Romans, and thereby the Roman legions and thereby the occupied provinces. Also the Christian/Catholic Bishop of Rome sent missionary priests and monks to the British Isles to proselytze the population. There are additional considerations too.    First of all, let us be clear about the fact that the conversion of Britain to Christianity began quite early. The Catholic priest Venerable Bede, born in Bernicia, Northumbria, around 673, states in Bk 1, Ch 4 of his Ecclesiastical History of the English People that while Eleutherius was Bishop of Rome (175-189AD), a king of Britain named Lucius requested of the Pope that the king be baptized a Catholic by papal decree:    In the year of our Lord 156 Marcus Antoninus Verus was made emperor together with his brother Aurelius Commodus. He was the fourteenth after Augustus. In their time, while a holy man called Eleutherius was bishop of the church at Rome, Lucius, a king of Britain, sent him a letter praying him that he might be made a Christian by a rescript from him. His pious request was quickly granted and the Britons preserved the faith which they had received, inviolate and entire, in peace and quiet, until the time of the Emperor Diocletian.    Bede’s last sentence in the passage implies that Christianity had already been established in Britain for some time prior to Eleutherius occupying Peter’s chair from 175-189. This seems reasonable according to what is written by the historian Eusebius Pamphilus, bishop of Caesarea, in His Ecclesiastical History written in the 300’s. The Ecclesiastical His... ...McClure, Judith, editors. Bede: The Ecclesiastical History of the English People; The Greater Chronicle; Bede’s Letter to Egbert. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.    Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History, translated by C.F. Cruse. Peabody, MS: Hendrickson Publishers, 2000.    Magoun, Frances P. â€Å"Oral-Formulaic Character of Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry.†Ã‚   In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.    â€Å"Nero.† The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. www.bartleby.com/65/.    â€Å"St. Patrick.† The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. www.bartleby.com/65/.    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000      

Analysis of Sonnet 75 (Amoretti) by Edmund Spenser Essay

Sonnet 75 is taken from Edmund Spenser’s poem Amoretti which was published in 1595. The poem has been fragmented into 89 short sonnets that combined make up the whole of the poem. The name Amoretti itself means â€Å"little notes† or â€Å"little cupids. † This poem is said to have been written on Spenser’s love affair and eventual marriage to Elizabeth Boyle, his second wife. Sonnet 75 centers on the immortality of spiritual love and the temporality of physical love. In the seventy-fifth sonnet of Amoretti, the line scheme of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet is employed. The rhyme scheme is the typical Spenserian sonnet format of the first quatrain being ABAB, the second being BCBC, the third CDCD and the couplet EE. It follows the meter of the iambic pentameter. The first quatrain has a narrative feel to it because of the beginning â€Å"One day I †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The second quatrain starts with a dialogue by a female, most probably the beloved. The third quatrain is an answer again in a conversation because of the use of â€Å"quoth I. † The couplet at the end gives the conclusion like a fact because it uses the present participle tense. Sonnet 75 is a lyric because it tells of the poet’s personal experience. Spenser writes this sonnet in the typical Petrarchan style. It is written in the pursuit of a woman whom he loves. The rhyme scheme coincides with the Petrarchan model. The whole sonnet reeks of the use of imagery. The very opening lines, â€Å"One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it away:† create a vivid image of the sea-side. Other excerpts from the sonnet that produce a visual effect are â€Å"decay,† â€Å"wiped out,† â€Å"die in dust,† and â€Å"in the heavens write your glorious name. † while the first three evoke negative images, the last one paints a beautiful, fantastical picture in the mind. The short sonnet incorporates alliteration very often, for instance, â€Å"die in dust,† â€Å"verse your virtue,† â€Å"love shall live,† â€Å"later life,† etc. The sounds that have been continuously been employed are /d/, /w/ and /l/. Alliteration throughout is helping form the images. The /w/ sound in â€Å"waves and washed it away† help create an audio impact of the swishing waves. The repetitive /d/ gives an ominous sound and is used for all such words, for example â€Å"decay,† â€Å"die,† â€Å"death,† etc. There is also repetition of certain words. â€Å"Vain† appears twice in one line. Then, the concept of mortality is conveyed through â€Å"mortal,† â€Å"immortalize† and â€Å"eternize. † The sonnet is rife with symbolism. The sea alludes to the distance that is between the lover and his beloved which is causing pain to the lover. The writing on the sand refers to the lover’s insistence on making a worldly impact on his beloved. The waves are a constant reminder of the cruelty of love, haunting again and again. By washing away the name of the beloved, the waves act as torrents of torture. The sea-side or beach also symbolizes a peaceful, comfortable place where the lover unreservedly expresses himself. The lover’s writing on the sand can be a reference to man’s inherent desire to eternalize his being to be remembered forever. The waves here signify time. The erasing of the name by water signifies the transient nature of human life. It points towards the futility of man’s aspirations for immortality, especially poets who wish to be eternalized through their works. However, irrespective of how many times he may try to make his life meaningful, it is pointless. Everything is transitory and will eventually be destroyed. Personification is an important element in the sonnet. The sea or waves are given human qualities. It â€Å"washed,† and â€Å"made my paynes his pray. † Washing and preying or inflicting pain upon someone are human qualities. The poet has dexterously presented a contrast between the earthly and the celestial ideas and things. While in the first half of the poem, time and nature destroy the poet’s writing and attempts to immortalize it; in the second half the poet immortalizes his eternal, spiritual love through his writings. One of the indirect implications of the typical fifteenth century women being docile and subservient can be found in the waves being given a masculine quality. Normally, nature is associated with the female entity because both are responsible for giving and sustaining life. Here, however, the author’s reason for giving a masculine identity to nature must be because of the malignant role it is playing. Edmund Spenser’s Sonnet 75 from Amorreti is not only an exquisite piece of Elizabethan times, it portrays the quintessential poetry of the time as well. His optimal employment of literary techniques of form, rhyme, imagery, personification and alliteration give the sonnet a wholesome structure and an pleasant quality. Theme : When he writes her name on the sand, her name is washed away by the waves. He tries again and again but his all attempts when the tide is in will be washed. The lover here emphasize that allegorically; The tide represents â€Å"the time† and The sand of seashore represents his â€Å"memories† The word â€Å"tide† refers to the word â€Å"time† also in means of written and â€Å"sand† also refers to his memories because memory is a reflection of the past and it has a particular shape in minds to indicate particular moments and events which we experienced. but this shape in time becomes uncertain as the time passed memory skips over some important or trivial details. So everthing can be forgetton, ,n memory there can be nothing everlasting JUST LIKE HER NAME ON THE SAND OF SEASHORE.. the poet has a great longing to immortalize her name. But he deduces that nature wants to explain that love is temporary. Because when he wrote her name the tide washes it away. Then the lady speaks that his effort is in vain he can not change the intrinsic nature of the mortality. She believes every mortal thing will be perished. She is offended by his attempt to immortalize her. But the lover believes when the love becomes immortal her name will be written in heaven. THE AMORETTI. Edmund Spenser – Sonnet 75 One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it away: Again I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay A mortal thing so to immortalize, For I myself shall like to this decay, And eek my name be wiped out likewise. Not so (quoth I), let baser things devise To die in dust, but you shall live by fame: My verse your virtues rare shall eternize, And in the heavens write your glorious name. Where whenas Death shall all the world subdue, Out love shall live, and later life renew. â€Å" One day I wrote her name upon the strand ’’ This a case of Hyperbaton because the normal order of wards has been changed . The ordinary syntactic order world have been â€Å"I wrote her name upon the strand’’. â€Å"Again I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tyde , and made my paynes his pray ’’ This is a case of Transferred Epithet [ Hypallage ] The epithet ‘ second ’ properly belongs to time rather than to hand . It may also a case of personification since ‘tide’ is seen as hunting down the efforts of the poet. ‘ For I myself shall like to this decay, And eek my name by urped out likeirse†. This is a case of simile . The poet points to the similarity between the destruction of the engraved name by the sea and the death caused to the lady by time, the similarity is explicitly stated by the use of word ‘like’. â€Å"Not so,’ quod I, â€Å" let baser things devize † To die in dust but you shall live by fame ’ – This is a case of antithesis where two opposed ideas are balanced against each other to the same effect . The two ideas contrasted are the idea of the meaner things being reduced to dust by time on the one hand, and the idea of the superior beloved ‘ transcending this by fame , on the other . â€Å"Where when as death shall all the world subdew, Our love shall live, and later life renew † It is a case of Antithesis since the two opposed ideas of the death of the world and the living of their love are balanced against each other. This is also a cause of Epigram . Ordinarily the idea of the renewal of love after life may seem absurd, but on thinking more deeply one realizes that their love would indeed be renewed by the later generations of lovers who would model their love on the poet’s.

Marijuana Controversy essays

Marijuana Controversy essays A significant amount of the United States population admits to illegally using marijuana. Many people have found that using medical marijuana, where it is legal, has had nothing but positive results. I have seen many people young and old using marijuana for recreational use in the last four to five years of my life. In my past experiences with marijuana and marijuana users, I have realized that a very large amount of people habitually smoke marijuana. While being around people who use this drug and occasionally using it myself, I have seen both positive and negative effects. Although marijuana may cause health problems and impair a persons judgment, this illegal narcotic may also have many positive effects on economy and our population. The controversy with marijuana all revolves around the proposed legalization of the drug. While there is a large amount of the population who is strongly against the idea, the number of people who are in favor are growing every day. Politicians, mainly democrats and liberals are beginning to take the stoners side. The governor of New Mexico, Gary Johnson, has made it very clear that he is in favor of legalizing the drug, and also that he was once a weed smoker himself (Duhigg, 14). Not only does this raise questions about how our country is currently viewing marijuana, but also how legalizing this drug may completely overturn the prohibition on this billion-dollar industry. The United States government is currently spending almost $40 billion dollars annually on the prevention of drugs in our country (Becker, 32). Once legalized, the government will be able to tax the sales; therefore, making more money to help our struggling and nearly war torn economy. Estimates place the world market value of illegal drugs at several hundred billions of dollars. This puts drugs in the same league as the markets for cigarettes and alcohol (Becker, 33). Our economy would be maki...

A profit margin Essays

A profit margin Essays A profit margin Essay A profit margin Essay Already highly competitive and overcrowded market; establishing a new name in this area would be very difficult and an expensive business.  As Giusti is a well established firm in this sector with a worldwide customer base it has already overcome these threats of entry. The company however is constantly looking to widen its product range; recently in the field of storage silos and homogenisers for cosmetic creams. In the new product range these barriers do exist and Giusti struggles in this area, as it does not have sufficient personnel to develop these new ranges. As a result we find that new products are evolutionary rather than revolutionary. The company tends to develop products on the job, and this is a practice common with small engineering companies. It is beneficial in that it keeps overheads low but when the newly developed product does not perform as anticipated then the rectification costs can escalate as generally the unit is on site at a customers factory.  Becomix, who are a German competitor of Giusti, have similar problems but a higher level of manning so development can be carried out along side production engineering. Threat Of Substitutes  Manufacturing in the United Kingdom has been on a general slow down for a number of years now and this is reflected in the customer base Giusti has in this country. Along with other process equipment suppliers Giusti has accepted that, especially in the food sector, the use of second hand vessels and pumps etc is becoming more and more common due to constraints on expansion budgets. As a result the company has formed close ties with second hand equipment stockists and, where appropriate, will offer the option of using new or pre-used equipment. Bargaining Power Of Suppliers  The price of stainless steel is elevated due to surcharges for nickel content, but this is fairly constant and common to competitors. Occasionally a customer may specify that a particular manufacturer of ancillary equipment be used in a project and in cases like these it is very difficult to negotiate significant discounts.  Giustis prices have been known to be at the upper end of the market scale in the past and great efforts have been made over the last nine years to reduce the cost of the equipment by increasing the efficiencies in the factory (purchasing seam-welding equipment, the increasing use of computer controlled laser cutting, economic batching of standard components, etc.), value-engineering the equipment to reduce materials used, required fabrication, machining, polishing, and fitting time on the shop floor. The efficiency increases have resulted in the company being able to use a nine year old pricing list for current, and much improved, equipment. The area that is still expensive is the control systems and bought out components.  The company has been aware for some time that many bought out components (valves, pumps, gear units, electrical equipment, etc.) are manufactured in India and the Far East, shipped to Europe and then distributed on to the customer. In setting up an office in India three years ago the company is endeavouring to cut out the European middle-man and gain the cost saving. Ironing out the reliability and quality issues with these suppliers is key to this initiatives long-term success. Bargaining Power Of Buyers  In recent years the customer base serviced by Giusti has seen a rationalization; with pharmaceutical companies merging, e.g. SmithKline Beecham and Glaxo Wellcome now knows as Glaxo SmithKline (GSK), and firms such as Avon Cosmetics relocating to save on production costs, i.e. moving production from Northampton to Poland. As a supplier to these companies Giusti now have fewer customers but the buyers that remain now have greater bargaining power. In a suppliers seminar held by GSK in the last year they stated that all suppliers were to reduce prices across the board by 21% if they were to remain on the recommended suppliers list. As stated earlier Giusti has made great efforts to reduce production costs in an attempt to maintain profitability but when customers such as H. J. Heinz hold tendering auctions on-line and award the contract to the lowest bidder then there is a point where a line is to be drawn between maintaining a busy factory and maintaining a profit margin.  Becomix do not enter into pricing or delivery time battles, relying on the quality of their products. The price on the box is the price that everyone pays and stated delivery may go back, but never be improved on. They have a perceived added value that is high and is sufficient to bear a price and delivery premium.

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs Assignment

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs from different Industries- Ratan Tata & Warren Buffett - Assignment Example Ratan began his schooling at Campion School and finished the secondary education at John Connon School. He later joined Cornell University for a Bachelor of Science in structural engineering thereby graduating in 1962. Ratan joined the Harvard Business School in 1975 for an Advanced Management Program. Tata’s career beginnings in 1961 involved shoveling limestone and managing the blast furnace at Tata Steel. Thirty years later, J.R.D stepped down as the director of Tata Sons thereby endorsing Ratan as his successor. Ratan’s superb management and entrepreneurial skills created significant success for the company. For instance, the conglomerate acquired Tetley, Jaguar land Rover, and Corus thereby transforming from an Indian Company to a global one. The company currently sources 65% of its revenues from abroad. Ratan highly participated in the creation of Tata Nano, the world’s least costly passenger car. On December 2012, Ratan retired from his chief executive responsibility thereby becoming a chairman emeritus of Tata Group. Ratan continues making new deals and eyeing the evolving business opportunities such as e-commerce. He has also continued a close working relationship with the British Jaguar Land Rover Company. Ratan Tata has other duties both in India and abroad. For instance, he is a member and a contributor in the country’s Trade and Industry ministry. In addition, he is part of the jury of Pritzker Architecture Prize, which is considered an influential prize giving program for architectures. Globally, Ratan possesses key duties. For instance, he is a dean’s advisor at Harvard Business School. His significant contributions to the contemporary society has made earn numerous awards. In 2008, the Government of India awarded Ratan Padma Vibhushan, which is one of the highest civilian honors. Warren Buffett was born in Omaha, in 1930. He is among the three children of the late Congressman, Howard Buffett. Howard

Culturally Diverse Special Education Classroom Essay

Culturally Diverse Special Education Classroom - Essay Example Diversity can affect both the environment of the class and the students. The language differences may lead the students to a communication gap. Students belonging to different culture face different problems in accordance to their living standards. The skill level of the students depends upon their origin and culture. Skill levels are greatly enhanced if the standard of the education system is according to their level. For example a student of china would face difficulties while studying in the USA. This is because the student is not able to cope up with the standards of education in USA as he has always studied in the standards of China. He may face difficulties in understanding the language and writing according to the standards in USA. Culture is an important part in the student's lives. If a person belongs to the USA he would have no difficulties in adjusting to the university environment. Similarly a person who is not of the USA culture might face some difficulties in adjusting to the environment. This has a massive effect on the way one studies (Amato & Snow 1992). As if one cannot adjust to the environment of the university he might face the problems of depression and stress and may not be able to study properly. In order to provide a safe and sound environment to the students, paraprofessionals who belong to different cultures should be present there. Paraprofessionals of different heritages may help the students to study with accordance to the standards required in a particular university. They may provide the student with a sense of relief and security as the student belonging to different culture might not be feeling that secure with a paraprofessional of different culture. Parents of the students should be handled properly by the teachers. The teachers should know that what environment and culture do the parents belong and then treat the parents accordingly. For example the teachers should tell the parents about the environment of the university wit h accordance to their culture. The teacher should be completely aware of the multicultural students the teacher should know about the standards of education of students of different culture. For example the teacher should know about the standards of education of China and should not force the student from China to work on the standards of USA immediately. If the student is being forced to study on a standard of which he cannot it is possible that he may suffer from other problems. (Opsahl 1996) If a teacher is teaching in a class where students from many different cultures are present he should always be careful about speaking in the right tone and accent so that all the students even who have a different native language can understand what the teacher is commending to them. In order to teach multicultural students the teacher should learn about the culture of different students and should understand the language the students know. The teachers should make a point to ask students if they are having difficulties in understanding what the